Sculptural representation of person's head and shoulders.

Collective term for all casting processes that ars mundi carries out with the help of specialized art foundries.

Cast stone
Equivalent of artificial marble, with the difference that the substitute stone in powder form is used instead of marble powder.

Cold cast bronze
Bronze powder bound by a polymer. By special polishing and patination techniques the surface of the casting gets a look that corresponds to the bronze.

ARA wooden copy
In order to guarantee absolute fidelity to the original, an artificially manufactured imitation wood is used as a base material which has typical wood characteristics: density, workability, color and surface structure.

Ceramic casting
As a rule castable clay is used in ceramic casting, which then is fired and possibly glazed. Plaster molds are often used instead of the usual rubber molds in ceramic casting and in porcelain production.

Bronze casting
In this case, the thousand-year-old lost-wax technique is used. It's the best, but also the most complex method of producing sculptures.

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Bronze casting
Lost-wax casting technique

A plastic work of sculptural art made of wood, stone, ivory, bronze or other metals.

While sculptures from wood, ivory or stone are made directly from the block of material, for bronze casting a working model is prepared at first. Usually it is made of clay or other easily shaped materials.

The prime time of sculpture after the Roman antiquity was the Renaissance. Impressionism gave a new impulse to the sculptural arts. Also the contemporary artists, such as Jorg Immendorf, Andora, and Markus Lupertz enriched the sculpture with outstanding works.

The ruined city in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates river. It was firstly mentioned at the end of the third millennium B.C. At the beginning of the second millennium the city developed into the capital of Babylonia and the cultural center of the entire Near Eastern world. The Hammurabi's reign, around 1700 B.C., is based on the importance of the god Marduk, who was revered throughout the Near East. The city experienced its biggest growth under Nabopolassar (626-605 B.C.) and Nebuchadrezzar II (605-562 B.C.).

The Babylonian art is represented by just a few works. Basalt and marble reliefs as well as diverse cylinder seals have been retained. The lion from the Processional Way at the Ischtar Gate in Babylon are now to be found in the Louvre in Paris.

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Sumerian art