An art work that is cut in from a stone or wooden surface, not modeled in the round.
According to the degree of projection one can distinguish between low-relief or bas-relief and high relief. The sunk relief is a common form of reliefs in Ancient Egypt, where the depicted scenes were cut into the stone or wood surface.
Among the most famous reliefs are the works of the Florentine master Lorenzo Ghiberti. He created, among others, the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, called by Michelangelo the "Gates of Paradise".
Collective term for all casting processes that ars mundi carries out with the help of specialized art foundries.
Cast stone
Equivalent of artificial marble, with the difference that the substitute stone in powder form is used instead of marble powder.
Cold cast bronze
Bronze powder bound by a polymer. By special polishing and patination techniques the surface of the casting gets a look that corresponds to the bronze.
ARA wooden copy
In order to guarantee absolute fidelity to the original, an artificially manufactured imitation wood is used as a base material which has typical wood characteristics: density, workability, color and surface structure.
Ceramic casting
As a rule castable clay is used in ceramic casting, which then is fired and possibly glazed. Plaster molds are often used instead of the usual rubber molds in ceramic casting and in porcelain production.
Bronze casting
In this case, the thousand-year-old lost-wax technique is used. It's the best, but also the most complex method of producing sculptures.
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Bronze casting
Lost-wax casting technique
The mold is usually taken directly from the original, so that the replica reproduces even the finest details. After casting the replica, using the most appropriate method, the surface is polished, patinated, gilded or painted according to the original.
A replica of ars mundi is a recognizable image of the original.
A plastic work of sculptural art made of wood, stone, ivory, bronze or other metals.
While sculptures from wood, ivory or stone are made directly from the block of material, for bronze casting a working model is prepared at first. Usually it is made of clay or other easily shaped materials.
The prime time of sculpture after the Roman antiquity was the Renaissance. Impressionism gave a new impulse to the sculptural arts. Also the contemporary artists, such as Jorg Immendorf, Andora, and Markus Lupertz enriched the sculpture with outstanding works.
The Assyrian art is the art of powerful Assyrian Empire in the Middle East of the 2nd millennium B.C.
Already in Old Assyrian period, it could be seen that the preference of the Kings was to build new residential cities or rebuild the existing ones and to use architectural and decorative forms, similar to Imperial. The statuary art represented gods, kings and senior officials. Reliefs and murals showed the rulers in battles, on the hunt and in ritual acts. From the 11th century B.C. obelisks were popular base for reliefs.
In minor arts, ivory works reached a high standard. In stamp art, the seal and cylinder seal have gained increasing importance. They were made mostly of glass, obsidian or faience.
